What do you see in the picture? Is this picture taken recently? How do you know? This story is about then man on the left, what is he holding? Can you guess what this story might be about?
In the picture we see Shmuel Gogol on the left He is playing the harmonica in this band.
What is a harmonica?
Shmuel was born in 1924 in Warsaw, Poland. His mother died and he was raised in an orphanage where he was given a harmonica by one of the carers. Shmuel loved playing his harmonica and practised every day.
Everything changed for Shmuel in 1939.
What happened in Poland in 1939?
When war broke out Shmuel went in to hiding around Poland but he was eventually captured and sent to Auschwitz.
What was Auschwitz?
Who ran the prison camps?
What did Nazis believe?
What groups of people were persecuted?
How many people were taken to concentration camps by the Nazis at this time and what happened to them?
When arriving at Auschwitz, Shmuel's harmonica was taken from him; prisoners were not allowed to have any personal belongings. But he another prisoner also had a harmonica and had managed to hide it. Shmuel traded his food rations for the harmonica and stated playing again in secret.
How easy would it be to play a harmonica in a prison camp without being discovered?
A Nazi discovered him and he was forced to join the Auschwitz orchestra.
Why do you think a concentration camp had an orchestra, when do you think the musicians played?
The Auschwitz orchestra were forced to play every day while prisoners entered the gas chambers. Shmuel had to play while he watched members of his family being led in to the chambers. he would close his eyes and carry on playing?
Why did he carry on playing, why didn't he refuse?
Shmuel made a promise to himself. If he survived Auschwitz, he would tell his story for the rest of his life and he would teach Jewish children to play the harmonica.
Why do you think he wanted to tell his story, why not try to forget that horrific time?
Why carry on playing the harmonica when it must have brought so much pain to him?
Why teach Jewish children to play the harmonica after the war?
Shmuel did survive. It was his harmonica that saved him as it meant the Nazis were using him every day. After the war, Shmuel moved to Israel and founded the Ramat Gan harmonica orchestra. Shmuel honoured his promise for the rest of his life, working with children in schools, telling his story and playing the harmonica.
In the 1990s book was written based on Shmuel so that children across the world could hear his story.


Why do you think Shmuel wanted to tell his story? How do you think he feels when he speaks about what happened?What if this story upsets children? Do you think children like you are too young to know about this?
In 1990, Shmuel returned to Auschswitz for the first time and performed with his orchestra the song "My town Belz", the same tune he and the Auschwitz orchestra had to play 50 years ago as prisoners were marched to the gas chambers.
There are thousands of songs Shmuel could have played; why choose that one?
How do you think Shmuel felt as he played that song 50 years later in the same place.
Shmuel died in 1993 aged 69 but today his story lives on as he wanted it to be told.
Every year on January 27th people across the world support Holocaust memorial day. January 27th is the date (in 1945) that Auschwitz was liberated. This is a day when people remember the 6 million Jews and other groups of people that lost their lives under Nazi persecution.
The Holocaust memorial trust say, "Our world often feels fragile and vulnerable. Wherever it takes place, prejudice and the language of hatred must be challenged by us all."
"Prejudice and the language of hatred" what does that mean?
Why do you think it is important to challenge prejudice and hatred, why not ignore it?
Why is this about No Outsiders?
Which British Value is this about?
Take a moment of reflection to remember all those who died in the holocaust and in times of prejudice today. What can we do at our school to make sure this does not happen again.
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